Abstract
The article’s purpose was to examine the pregnancy complications in the context of women’s and embryo’s health. Such problems as excessive bleeding, vomiting with severe nausea, abrupt decline in the level of baby’s activity, false contractions, waters breaking, and influenza infection were detected. If not eliminated in time, the aforementioned obstacles to a child’s normal development serve as a deteriorative instrument in terms of successful gestation. These findings, however, suggest the preventive methods of complications as a basis for delivering a healthy infant.
Keywords: pregnancy, complications, bleeding, contractions, nausea, influenza, baby’s activity decline.
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Pregnancy Complications
Pregnancy is a considerable period when the mental and physical health conditions of women are characterized by a tripled vulnerability and fragility. The reality is that these nine months could be both full of gladness and delight for a new life growing inside of you and unbearable difficulties connected with a fetus’s deviation from normal stages of development which results in a rapid well-being deterioration of a future mother and her baby. In fact, maternal problems could be regarded as temporary discomforts, however, some can manifest as severe complications.
To begin with, excessive bleeding is on the list of the most hazardous difficulties during gestation. It involves various symptoms all through pregnancy. Peter Bernstein, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the New York City, admits that “If you are bleeding heavily and have severe abdominal pain and menstrual-like cramps or feel like you are going to faint during the first trimester, it could be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy (Mann, n.d.).” However, ectopic pregnancy, by definition, means the consequence of a defect in human regenerative physiology that permits the fetus to embed and develop outside the endometrial cavity which at last finishes in passing the embryo. Consequently, without opportune determination and treatment, ectopic pregnancy can become a life-threatening circumstance (Sepilian, 2016). Further, substantial bleeding with cramping could likewise be an indication of miscarriage during an early second trimester. By complexity, oozing with stomach torment in the third trimester may show placental abruptness, which happens when the placenta isolates from the uterine lining. Nevertheless, if bleeding is observed in the first trimester, it is not considered to be a cause for alarm. It is generally acknowledged by physicians that about 20% of pregnant women have some bleeding during the first 12 weeks. In spite of different points of view, one has to be very watchful and observant to prevent any possible complications that may stop the development of the fetus.
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Secondly, other possible complications are vomiting and severe nausea. It is typical of a pregnant woman to have the aforementioned sicknesses. Normally, vomiting does not do any harm to the fetus. However, if it becomes excessive and extremely frequent, there is a threat of complete dehydration, because a pregnant woman cannot eat or drink anything which is why she is at risk of noticeable fluid loss. If those symptoms get the opportunity to be violent, the consequences might be critical. In this way, such malnourished and physically exhausting conditions can hurt a child. Furthermore, some pregnant women are concerned that retching can cause a miscarriage. In fact, this is only a myth as stomach muscles do not influence the security of a child. Still, there is some risk as to the ketone levels in the body increase when the pregnant lady is vomiting consistently. At the point when the body gets noticeably dehydrated, the liver produces ketones with the specific goal that is to supplying vitality to the body. These ketones can be measured in urine and blood tests. Unfortunately, organic compounds can be destructive to an infant (Effects of Vomiting, n.d.). No matter what, if happens that a future mother encounters extreme sickness, it is highly recommended to inform an obstetrician so that a specialist may suggest pharmaceutical or prompt changing of eating routine.
Moreover, a significant decline in the baby’s activity level could also be a reason to raise the alarm. Motility is one of the most commonly investigated aspects of fetal behavior. Automatically generated motor activity is present early in the embryo; movements become more intricate and elaborate. Furthermore, they differentiate as a child progresses through gestation (deVries, 1982). On the contrary, if a mother feels that the embryo’s movements are too dynamic or are not observed at all, it could be hazardous for the fetus’ further growth, because the latter could be either dead or experience complications in its development which can cause physical or mental disorders after the birth. Nicole Ruddock, Assistant Professor of Maternal and Fetal Medicine at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, says “There is no optimal or critical number of movements,” she mentions, “but generally you should establish a baseline and have a subjective perception of whether your baby is moving more or less. As a general rule, you should have 10 or more kicks in two hours. Anything less should prompt a phone call to your doctor.” (Mann, n.d.). In this regard, the mother should be attentive to the rhythm and number of movements her baby produces to be aware of whether there is an inner call for immediate action or just the mother’s regular panic attack caused by a tendency of hyper-care over the baby.
Apart from that, early contractions during the third trimester could also be a ground for anxiety and concern, which very often is inclined as wrong ones. It is often alleged by physicians that contractions could cause a preterm process of childbirth. Nevertheless, one has to remember that mothers have a tendency to confuse false and true labor. Basically, the false one is when contractions are impossible to predict, namely, they have a non-rhythmic character and do not increase the intensity. When they occur, the uterus’ muscles tighten for approximately sixty seconds, or even sometimes the act of contraction can last up to two minutes. However, women admit that they feel pain in the abdomen or experience an ache similar to menstrual cramps. Symptoms of false labor are also called Braxton Hicks contractions. They are considered to be a pre-preparation of true labor that, in turn, includes a lightening, water breaking, and dilation of the cervix. In the last case, the signs of delivery are obvious. Thus, to avoid the false alarm, one should get distracted from self-suggestion and numerous erroneous thoughts concerning preterm childbirth, because they deteriorate the mother’s health which is tightly connected with the well-being of a future offspring.
Water breaking is a complication that might also cause some trouble. The term implies the breaking of the amniotic sac and the “waters” inside it spill out by means of the cervix and through the vagina. Amid pregnancy, the amniotic sac is loaded with liquid that secures and pads the infant in the uterus. It is somewhat similar to an inflatable brimming with water that in the end blasts due to extending and development. Waters breaking is a pregnancy term one can assume to be familiar with but not acknowledged of what really happens. However, is water breaking as sensational as it sounds? In all actuality, not everybody will encounter waters softening up a similar way. In reality, the waters can break at any time or do not break at all, and then the child is born inside the amniotic sac. This is alluded to as ‘in caul’ and some trust it to be a hint of something to have an insight to (Mann, n.d.). One’s waters will most presumably break amid labor at the pinnacle of a compression. If to assume that the waters break before the childbirth is in progress, one will in all likelihood start delivery within 24 hours. However, in the event that this does not occur, a caregiver will prescribe that the labor is instigated to lessen the danger of any contamination.
The last warning pregnancy sign is flu symptoms. It is generally admitted by experts that women expecting a baby are at higher risk of getting difficulties while recovering from influenza because of having a weaker immune system which serves as a guard for organisms from various dangerous viruses and infections. Bronchitis indeed is one of the most common complications among pregnant females. Furthermore, this chest infection can worsen and grow into pneumonia, which can have a lethal effect on both mother and her baby. Other complications include but are not limited to the middle ear infection, a blood infection that is a cause of a severe drop in blood pressure, brain inflammation, and spinal cord infection. If a woman has influenza during the pregnancy, it could lead the baby to be born prematurely or could stimulate a stillbirth or the baby’s death during the first week of life. Admittedly, the most efficient way to avoid such disease is vaccination. At the point when a mother gets immunized while she is pregnant, antibodies are transmitted from the vaccinated mother to the unborn infant over the placenta. Besides, the vaccination can ensure the baby’s safety for up to 6 months after the birth. Surveys have additionally found that prevention of this seasonal cold virus in pregnant women by vaccination can decidedly influence the development of the unborn child. Moreover, to reduce the risk of getting such a contagious infection and spreading it to other people, a pregnant woman should always follow a few simple rules of personal hygiene. Firstly, washing hands with soap and warm water on a regular basis is an essential part of the killing of the majority of bacteria. Secondly, cleaning surfaces of keyboards, door handles or cell phone is a useful practice to polish off the germs. Furthermore, using of tissues while sneezing or coughing will help the surrounding people not to get infected (Flu Complications, n.d.). So, following the aforementioned precautionary measures will help the mother and the embryo to prevent the risk of getting influenza which can potentially reflect on the health of both.
As a final point, during the pregnancy period, the woman can experience several complications which tend to be potentially hazardous for the future mother and her infant. Among that one can notice excessive bleeding, vomiting, and severe nausea, a decline in the level of baby’s activity, early contractions that usually serve as a false alarm, waters breaking, and influenza infection. Hence, caregivers or physicians have to be aware of any deviations of the embryo development to prevent all possible complications that might have an enormously harmful effect on the baby and pregnant woman. The latter, in turn, should be very careful and observant in terms of her own health and the embryo’s behavioral patterns inside the womb.
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